• Fertility and General Reproductive Performance (Segment I)
  
  
• Embryo-Fetal Development or Teratology (Segment II)
  
  
• Peri and Post-natal Development (Segment III)
  
  
• Single and Multiple Generation studies

Acute Toxicology
   
In the Acute Toxicology area, Calvert designs all protocols for EPA and OECD.  We can define the general single-dose toxicity profile of test articles, as well as ...
     

Up-Down Procedure Mammalian Acute Toxicology Photo-toxicity & Photo-allergy Dermal & Eye Irritation Local Tolerance (vein irritation) Sensitization Intra-Ocular Pressure in acute and multiple-dose studies In Vitro Assays (upon request)

Subchronic/Chronic
   
At Calvert, our toxicologists work closely with the Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Pharmacology/Safety Pharmacology (CNS, cardiovascular, pulmonary) and Immunology Departments to bring our clients a multidisciplinary approach to study designs and overall product development programs.

Toxicology studies are routinely performed in a variety of species:

Mice Rats Cotton Rats Guinea Pigs Hamsters

Rabbits Dogs Mini/Micro Pigs Swine Non-Human Primates (Cynos, Rhesus, Marmosets)

Routes of administration commonly used are:

Oral (gavage, capsule, diet) Intravenous (bolus and infusion) Dermal Ocular Intranasal

Vaginal Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intraperitoneal

Less common routes of administration are:

Intracavernously Intravesically Intraarticularly

Intrathecally Intrahepaticly Implantation

All studies at Calvert are designed and conducted in accordance with appropriate regulatory guidelines, the specific needs of the client and the chemical and physical compound to be tested.

Immunotoxicology
   
At Calvert, the complete battery of tests recommended by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to evaluate the immunosuppression or immunostimulation potential of a test article can be performed. These tests include:

Clinical Pathology and Pathology

Total and differential leukocyte counts Lymphocyte subsets (Immunophenotyping) Serum chemistry (globulin levels) Serum immunoglobulin levels Organ weights of immune organs (thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes) Cellularity and cell viability of lymphoid organs Histopathology evaluation  of lymphoid tissue

Functional Assays

T-dependent Antibody Response Assay (KLH used as the antigen) Natural Killer Cell Activity Assay Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Assays

Carcinogenicity
   
At Calvert, in addition to long-term toxicity studies, we can also perform traditional 2 year rodent carcinogenicity studies as well as 6 month studies in transgenic mice.